This paper shows how since the 1990s, Lebanon's environmental policy-making has been transferred to the benefit of politicians and their network of oligarchs. It makes this argument by zooming in on the quarrying industry and the energy sector.
This research paper employs a systems analysis to explore how solid waste mismanagement has been an intentional political decision-making process tailored to nurture and protect dysfunctionality through elite capture and clientelism. The hypothesis will be presented using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) which will then be analyzed and validated via case studies involving the municipalities of Beit Mery, Dhour Choueir, and Brih.
This paper published with the cooperation of Arab Reform Initiative
A paper by Cynthia Kreidy, Policy Analyst, Millennium Institute